楊雄里（1941年10月14日—），出生于上海。神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家、生理學(xué)家。1991年當(dāng)選為中國科學(xué)院學(xué)部委員（院士）。2000年加入九三學(xué)社。九三學(xué)社第十一屆中央委員會委員。

楊雄里祖籍浙江省鎮(zhèn)海縣,出生于上海殷實(shí)的商賈之家，1946年入上海錢江小學(xué)，幼時尚聰明，生性頑皮，學(xué)業(yè)只在中上，但閱讀了大量中國古典文學(xué)作品。1955年在上海光明中學(xué)讀高中，后立志從事科學(xué)研究，學(xué)業(yè)不斷進(jìn)步，對俄語學(xué)習(xí)情有獨(dú)鐘，并廣泛涉獵中外文學(xué)名著。1958年，楊雄里考入上?？萍即髮W(xué)生物學(xué)系，因其在籌建中，遂入上海第一醫(yī)學(xué)院（現(xiàn)復(fù)旦大學(xué)上海醫(yī)學(xué)院）醫(yī)療系學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程。1960年秋，按“科大”安排進(jìn)入中國科學(xué)院上海生理研究所學(xué)習(xí)，并明確日后師從劉育民教授從事視覺生理研究。同年11月底，前往長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械學(xué)院（現(xiàn)長春理工大學(xué)）應(yīng)用光學(xué)系學(xué)習(xí)。長春的兩年在楊雄里的一生中起著關(guān)鍵作用。在饑寒交迫的情況下，楊雄里發(fā)憤學(xué)習(xí)，成績突出，并自學(xué)英語和德語。1963年3月回生理所，同年7月自上?？拼螽厴I(yè)。大學(xué)期間，楊雄里所有專業(yè)課程考核成績均為優(yōu)秀，并能流暢地閱讀俄、英、德專業(yè)書籍，唯政治考核勉強(qiáng)及格。楊雄里打下了較堅(jiān)實(shí)的醫(yī)學(xué)生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，在數(shù)理方面又受到了良好的訓(xùn)練，這兩方面知識的融合對楊雄里日后科學(xué)研究的開展至關(guān)重要。

1963年9月，楊雄里開始在劉育民教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的特殊感官生理研究室任研究實(shí)習(xí)員。半年內(nèi)，楊雄里通讀了TheEye四卷（Davson，H主編）和ThePhysiologyoftheEye(Davson,H著)，奠定了楊雄里從事視覺研究的理論基礎(chǔ)，同時開始熟悉相關(guān)的電生理技術(shù)，練習(xí)做研究。但1964年夏，楊雄里被安排去上海郊縣參加“四清工作隊(duì)”，翌年夏天回所，開始著手視色素漂白和復(fù)生動力學(xué)研究的準(zhǔn)備工作。“文化大革命”的風(fēng)暴不久便席卷中國大地，研究所中已“安放不下一張平靜的書桌”，楊雄里的科研前期準(zhǔn)備工作即告終止。

像大多數(shù)知識分子一樣，“文革”對楊雄里是一場噩夢，他曾遭遇各種政治審查，甚至被懷疑是新發(fā)展的國民黨中統(tǒng)、軍統(tǒng)特務(wù)。但是，即使在這段“萬馬齊喑”的時期，他本著“讀書總會有用的”樸素愿望，并未放棄專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，并自學(xué)法語和日語。在“文革”中后期，他在“理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際”的大旗下，從事“燈光誘捕海水魚機(jī)理研究”和“中國人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)眼（standardobserver）”的研究，為其在十年浩劫后的崛起奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

“機(jī)遇垂青有準(zhǔn)備的頭腦。”1980年4月，他作為首批留日進(jìn)修生被選派至日本國立生理學(xué)研究所金子章道教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)修。在日期間，他應(yīng)用細(xì)胞內(nèi)記錄技術(shù)對魚類視網(wǎng)膜水平細(xì)胞接收的光感受器的輸入及其相互作用進(jìn)行了細(xì)致分析。1982年，楊雄里被靜岡大學(xué)、國立生理學(xué)研究所聯(lián)合授予學(xué)術(shù)博士學(xué)位。

1982年4月，楊雄里回國，隨即在生理所建立了自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，開始對魚類C型水平細(xì)胞的特性進(jìn)行分析，并與廈門大學(xué)海洋系合作開展對青蟹復(fù)眼光敏感度的晝夜節(jié)律變化的研究。

1985年9月，楊雄里赴美哈佛大學(xué)生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室道林（JohnDowling）教授處工作，對鱸魚接受視錐信號的水平細(xì)胞在暗中受壓抑的現(xiàn)象及其可能機(jī)制進(jìn)行了較深入的分析。1986年底南遷至貝勒（Baylor）醫(yī)學(xué)院與吳淼鑫博士（SamuelWu）合作，以蠑螈視網(wǎng)膜為標(biāo)本，研究外層視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)回路的信息傳遞和調(diào)控。

1987年末，楊雄里回國，應(yīng)聘擔(dān)任生理所所長，并重新組織、擴(kuò)建自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。之后20余年，他主要在祖國的土地上耕耘，先是在生理所，后至復(fù)旦大學(xué)，曾擔(dān)任復(fù)旦大學(xué)神經(jīng)生物學(xué)研究所所長，復(fù)旦大學(xué)腦科學(xué)院院長。

楊雄里的研究屬神經(jīng)生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域，其主要研究目標(biāo)是，應(yīng)用多學(xué)科技術(shù)（細(xì)胞內(nèi)記錄、染色技術(shù)、免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)、膜片鉗技術(shù)、鈣成像技術(shù)等）對“光感受器的電信號如何在視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)元組成的回路中傳遞”，“這種信號的傳遞如何為多種因素所調(diào)制”，“這種信號傳遞的機(jī)理是什么”等視網(wǎng)膜生理的基本問題做出回答。在研究過程中，他特別注意應(yīng)用多層次的標(biāo)本，努力對研究問題形成比較完整的認(rèn)識。

視網(wǎng)膜是緊貼眼球后部內(nèi)壁的神經(jīng)組織，對其研究至少有兩個重要意義。首先，視覺是人體和動物體最重要的感覺，有70%以上的外界信息通過視覺系統(tǒng)感受、加工處理，而其中有相當(dāng)一部分在視網(wǎng)膜中完成，或做初步加工。此外，從胚胎發(fā)育的角度來看，視網(wǎng)膜實(shí)際上是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的一部分，但它又具有細(xì)胞類型相對比較簡單，排列整齊、清楚，易于著手研究等特點(diǎn)，因而可以作為闡明腦的基本信息處理機(jī)制的一種良好模型，受到人們廣泛重視。

楊雄里在視網(wǎng)膜方面的研究可以歸納成以下幾個方面:一是視網(wǎng)膜第二級神經(jīng)元接收的光感受器信號及其相互作用的分析；二是外層視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)元反應(yīng)特性為明、暗的調(diào)制及其可能機(jī)制；三是視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)元表達(dá)的氨基酸受體和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的確定；四是視網(wǎng)膜中信號傳遞的調(diào)制及機(jī)制。其研究成果總結(jié)在200余篇學(xué)術(shù)論文中。他的研究工作得到科技部、教育部、中國科學(xué)院、國家自然科學(xué)基金委、上海市科委等基金資助。曾作為PrincipalInvestigator（PI）和Co-PI 分獲美國國立健康研究院和國際人類前沿科學(xué)計(jì)劃組織研究基金資助。1988年國家人事部授予楊雄里“國家級有突出貢獻(xiàn)的中青年科技專家”稱號，1989年、1996年分獲中科院自然科學(xué)獎一等獎、二等獎，1991年當(dāng)選為上海市十大科技精英之一，2001年獲何梁何利科技進(jìn)步獎，2006年獲教育部自然科學(xué)獎一等獎，上海市自然科學(xué)獎一等獎。

楊雄里現(xiàn)任國際學(xué)術(shù)雜志ProgressinNeurobiology編委、《辭?！犯笨傊骶?、亞太地區(qū)生理學(xué)聯(lián)合會秘書長。他還曾任《生理學(xué)報》主編、亞太地區(qū)生理學(xué)聯(lián)合會副主席、科技部“攀登項(xiàng)目”（腦功能及其細(xì)胞和分子機(jī)制）首席科學(xué)家、中國生理學(xué)會理事長、《中國神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》主編、國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究規(guī)劃（“973”項(xiàng)目）“腦功能和腦重大疾病的基礎(chǔ)研究”首席科學(xué)家。

楊雄里培養(yǎng)博士生30余名、碩士生10名，其中大部分是碩博連讀。學(xué)生畢業(yè)后幾乎全部有留學(xué)經(jīng)歷，其中若干人回國工作，擔(dān)任教授（浙江大學(xué)）、PI（中科院神經(jīng)所）；在國外工作者，有多人擔(dān)任副教授、助理教授。另培養(yǎng)博士后4人。在培養(yǎng)博士生過程中，楊雄里注意訓(xùn)練其獨(dú)立研究能力，他認(rèn)為這是研究生階段不同于本科生最重要的特點(diǎn)，從課題的提出、文獻(xiàn)檢索、研究推進(jìn)、論文撰寫及送審，楊雄里無不強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的主動精神，對懈怠、被動、消極作風(fēng)深惡痛絕。楊雄里認(rèn)為這對于學(xué)生今后研究生涯的發(fā)展、對于弘揚(yáng)科學(xué)精神是絕對必需的。

楊雄里重視科學(xué)普及工作，經(jīng)常通過科普講座向公眾普及神經(jīng)科學(xué)的基本知識，介紹該學(xué)科的發(fā)展態(tài)勢及對社會發(fā)展的影響。

主要論著

1Yang XL,Tauchi M．,Kaneko A,Quantitative Analysis of Photorceptor Inpuls to External  Horizontal Cells in the Goldfish Retina，Jpn．J．Physiol, 1982，32:399~420．

2Yang XL,Tauchi M,Kaneko A，Convergence of Signals from Red-sensitive and Green-sensitive Cones to External Horizontal Cells of the Goldfish Retina,Vision Res,1983,23:371~380

3Yang XLet al,Circadian Rhythm in the Electroretinogram of the Crab (Scylla Serrata),Acta PhysiolSinica,1984,36:202~206

4楊雄里，一種新的雙相C型水平細(xì)胞的鑒定，中國科學(xué)（B輯），1986,29:835~842。

5Yang XL，Convergence of Photoreceptor Inputs onto Horizontal Cells of Cyprinid Retina,Vision:Structure and FunctionScience Publishing Inc,1988,192~232

6Yang XL，Tornquist K,Dowling JE,Modulation of Cone Horizontal Cell Activity in the Teleost Fish RetinaIEffects of Prolonged Darkness and Background Illumination on Light Responsiveness， JNeurosci,1988,8:2259~2268

7Yang XL,Tornquist K，Dowling JE,Modulation of Cone Horizontal Cell Activity in the Teleost Fish Retina，IIRole of Interplexiform Cells and Dopamine in Regulating Light Responsiveness，JNeurosci,1988,8:2269~2278

8Tornquist K,Yang XL,Dowling,JE,Modulation of Cone Horizontal Cell Activity in the Teleost Fish Retina，ⅢEffects of Prolonged Darkness and Dopamine on Coupling of Horizontal CellsJNeurosci,1988,8:2279~2288

9Yang XL,WuSM,Effects of Background Illumination on the Horizontal Cell Responses in the Tiger Salamander Retina，JNeurosci,1989,9:815~827

10Yang XL,Wu SM,Effects of Prolonged Light Exposure,GABA and Glycine on the Horizontal Cell Responses in the Tiger Salamander Retina， JNeurophysiol,1989,61:1025~1035

11Yang XL,Wu SM,Effects of CNQX,APB,PDA,Kynurenate on Horizontal Cells of the Tiger Salamander Retina,VisNeurosci,1989,3:207~212

12Yang XL,Wu SM,Modulation of Rod-cone Coupling by Light,Science,1989,244:352~354

13Yang XL,Fan TX,Li JD,Electroretinographic b-wave Merely Reflects the Activity of the Rod System in the Dark Adapted Carp Retina,Vision Res,1990,30:993~999

14Yang XL,Modulation of Synaptic Transmission in the Retina,Documenta Ophthalmologica,1991,76:377~387

15Yang XL,Wu SM,Feedforward Lateral Inhibition in Retinal Bipolar Cells:Input-output Relation of the HC-DBC Synapse,ProcNatlAcadSci,USA,1991,88:8310~8313

16Yang XL,Wu SM,Coexistence and Functions of Multiple Types of Glutamate Receptor in the Horizontal Cells of the Tiger Salamander Retina，Vis Neurosci,1991,7:377~382

17Yang XL,Wu SM,Effects of GABA on Horizontal Cells in the Tiger Salamander Retina，Vision Res,1993,33:1339~1344

18Yang XL,Shen W,Fan TX,Effects of Prolonged Darkness on Light Responsiveness and Spectral Sensitivity of Cone Horizontal Cells,in Carp Retina in VivoJNeurosci,1994,14:326~334

19Yang XL,Wu SM,Effects of Calcium on Rod and Cone Inputs to Horizontal Cells  of the Tiger Salamander RetinaVisNeurosci,1994,11:363~368

20Yang XL,Wu MS,Response Sensitivity and Voltage Gains of the Rod- and Cone-horizontal Cell Synapses in Dark- and Light-adapted Tiger Salamander RetinaJNeurophysiol,1996,76:3863~3874

21楊雄里，視覺的神經(jīng)機(jī)制，上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1996。

22Han MH,Li Y,Yang XL,Desensitizing GABAc Receptors on Carp Bipolar CellsNeuroReport,1997,8:1331~1335

23Yang XL,Wu MS,Response Sensitivity and Voltage Gain of the Rod-and Cone-bipolar Cell Synapses in Dark-adapted Tiger Salamander RetinaJNeurophysiol,1997,78:2662~2673

24Zhang DQ,Yang XL,OFF Pathway is Preferentially Suppressed by the Activation of GABAA Receptors in Carp RetinaBrain Research,1997,759:160~162 

25楊雄里,腦科學(xué)的現(xiàn)代進(jìn)展，上海科技教育出版社，1998。

26Zhang DQ,Yang XL,GABA Modulates Color-opponent Bipolar CellsBrain Res,1998,792:319~323

27Lu T,Shen Y,Yang XL,Desensitization of AMPA Receptors on Horizontal Cells Isolated from Crucian Carp RetinaNeurosciRes,1998,31:123~135

28Li P,Yang XL,Strong Synergism between GABAA and Glycine Receptors on Isolated Carp Third-order Neurons,NeuroReport,1998,9:2875~2879

29Shen Y,Lu T,Yang XL,Modulation of Desensitization at Glutamate Receptors in Isolated Carp Horizontal Cells by Con A,Cyclothiazide,Aniracetam and PEPANeuroscience,1999,89:1979~1990

30Shen Y,Yang XL,Zinc Modulation of AMPA Receptors May Be Relevant to Splice Variants in Carp Retina Neuroscience Letters,1999,259:177~180

31Zhang J,Yang XL,GABAB Receptors in Muller Cells of the Bullfrog RetinaNeuroReport,1999,10:1833~1836

32Li P,Yang XL,Zn2+ Differentially Modulates Glycine Versus GABA Receptors in Isolated Carp Retinal Third-order NeuronsNeuroscience Letters,1999,269:75~78

33Han MH,Yang XL,Zn2+Differentially Modulates Kinetics of GABAC vs GABAA Receptors in Carp Retinal Bipolar Cells NeuroReport,1999,10:2593~2597 

34Yang XL,Shen Y,Han MH,Lu T,Physiological and Pharmacological Characterization of Glutamate and GABA Receptors in the Retina Korean JPhysiolPharmacol1999,3:461~469.

35Shen Y,Zhou Y,Yang XL,Characterization of AMPA Receptors on Isolated Amacrine-like Cells in Carp RetinaEurJNeurosci1999,11:4233~4240

36Xu HP,Yang XL,Differential Modulation by GABA of Signals from Red-and Green-sensitive Cones in the Carp Retina Brain ResBull,2000,51:493~497

37Du JL,Yang XL,Subcellular Localozation and Complements of GABAA and GABAc Receptors on Bullfrog Retinal Bipolar Cells JNeurophysiol,2000,84:666~676

38Li P,Yang XL,Forskolin Modulation of Desensitization at GABAA and Glycine Receptors is not Mediated by CAMP-dependent Protein Kinase in Isolated Carp Amacrine-like CellsPflüGer Arch(EurJPhysiol),2001,441:739~745

39Yang XL, Li P,Lu T,Shen Y,Han MH,Physiological and Pharmacological Characterization of Glutamate and GABA Receptors on Carp Retinal Neurons,ProgBrain Res,2001,131:277~294

40Xu HP,Luo DG,Yang XL,Signals from Cone Photoreceptors to L-type Horizontal Cells are Differentially Modulated by Low Calcium in Carp RetinaEurJNeurosci,2001,13:1411~1419

41Zhao JW,Yang XL,Glutamate Transporter EAAC1 is Expressed on Müller Cells of Lower Vertebrate RetinasJNeurosciRes,2001,66:89~95.

42Luo DG,Yang XL,Zn2+ Differentially Modulates Signals From Red- and Short Wavelength-sensitive Cones to Horizontal Cells in Carp RetinaBrain Res ,2001,900:95~102

43Li GL,Li P,Yang XL,Melatonin Modulates γ-amino-butyric Acid Receptor-mediated Currents on Isolated Carp Retinal NeuronsNeurosciLett,2001,301:49~53

44Yang R,Yang XL,Differential Modulation by AMPA of Signals from Red- and Green Sensitive Cones in Carp Retinal Luminosity-type Horizontal CellsScience in China (Ser C),2001,44:373~382

45Du JL,Yang XL,Bullfrog Retinal Bipolar Cells may Express Heterogeneous Glycine Receptors at Dendrites and Axon TerminalsNeuroscience Letters 2002,322:177~181

46Yang XL,Fan G,Wu SM,Non-linear,High-gain and Sustained –to- transient Signal Transmisson from Rods to Amacrine Cells in Dark-adapted Retina of AmbystomaJPhysiol,2002,539:239~251

47Du JL,Yang XL,Glycinergic Synaptic Transmission to Bullfrog Retinal Bipolar Cells is Input-specificNeuroscience,2002,113:779~784

48Xu HP,Zhao JW,Yang XL,Expression of Voltage-dependent Calcium Channel Subunits in the Rat RetinaNeurosciLett,2002,329:297~300

49Luo DG,Li GL,Yang XL,Zn2+Modulates Light Responses of Color- opponent Bipolar and Amacrine Cells in the Carp RetinaBrain ResBull,2002,58:461~468

50Xu HP,Yang XL,Different Effects of Low Ca2+ on Signal Transmission from Rods and Cones to Bipolar Cells in Carp RetinaBrain Res,2002,957:136~143

51Luo DG,Yang XL,Suppression by Zinc of Transient OFF Responses of Carp Amacrine Cells to Red Light is Mediated by GABAA ReceptorsBrain Res,2002,958:222~226

52Du JL,Xu LY,Yang XL,Glycine Receptors and Transporters on Bullfrog Retinal Müller CellsNeuroReport 2002,13:1653~1656

53Xu HP,Zhao JW,Yang XL,Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells Differentially Express Calcium Channel Subunits in the Rat RetinaNeuroscience,2003,118:763~768

54Li GL,Yang XL,Glycinergic Input to Carp Retinal Ganglion Cells may be Mediated by Glycine Receptors with Homologous KineticsBrain Res,2003,991:171~179

55Shen Y,Zhang AJ,Yang XL,Uncoupling of Horizontal Cells Alters the Receptive Fields of Retinal Bipolar CellsNeuroReport,2003,14:2159~2163.

56Yang XL,Characterization  of  Receptors for Glutamate and GABA in Retinal NeuronsProgress in Neurobiology,2004,73:127~150

57Xu LY,Zhao JW,Yang XL,GLAST Expression on Bullfrog Muller Cells is Regulated by Dark/LightNeuroReport,2004,16:2451~2454

58Lee SC,Zhong YM,Yang XL,Expression of Glycine Receptor and Transporter on Bullfrog Retinal Muller CellsNeurosciLett,2005,387:75~79 

59Huang H,Lee SC,Yang XL,Modulation by Melatonin of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Carp RetinaJPhysiol,2005,569:857~871

60Yu YC,Cao LH,Yang XL,Modulation by Brain Natriuretic Peptide of GABA Receptors on Rat Retinal Bipolar CellsJNeurosci,2006,26:696~707

61Tian M,Yang XL,C-type Natriuretic Peptide Modulates Glutamate Receptors in CultuRed Rat Retinal Amacrine CellsNeuroscience,2006,139:1211~1220

62Liu J,Li GL,Yang XL,An Iontropic GABA Receptor with Novel Pharmacology at Bullfrog Cone Photoreceptor TerminalsNeuroSignals,2006,15:13~25

63Cheng Z,Zhong YM,Yang XL,Expression of the Dopamine Transporter in Rat and Bullfrog Retinas NeuroReport,2006,17:773~777

64Liu J,Yang XL,OFF Response of Bullfrog Cones is Shaped by Terminal Ionotropic GABA ReceptorsBrain ResBull,2006,71:219~233

65Shen Y,Liu XL,Yang XL,NMDA Receptors in the Retina Molecular Neurobiology,2006,34:163~179

66Cao LH,Yang XL,Natriuretic Peptide Receptor NPR-A is Functionally Expressed on Bullfrog Retinal Muller CellsBrain ResBull,2007,71:410~415 

67Han L,Zhong YM,Yang XL,5-HT2A Receptors are Differentially Expressed in Bullfrog and Rat Retinas:A Comparative StudyBrain ResBull2007,73:273~277

68Jin Y,Zhong YM,Yang XL,Natriuretic Peptides are Localized to Rat Retinal Amacrine CellsNeurosci Lett,2007,421:106~109

69Zhang M,Cao LH,Yang XL,Melatonin Enhances Glycineinduced Currents of Retinal Ganglion Cells in RatNeuroReport,2007,18:1675~1678

70Chen L,Yang XL,Hyperpolarization-activated Current(Ih) is Involved in Modulation of the Excitability of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells by DopamineNeuroscience,2007,150:299~308

71Cao LH,Yang XL,Natriuretic Peptides and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous SystemProgNeurobiology,2008,84:234~248

72Cao LH,Zhou B,Yang XL,Modulation by BNP of GABA Receptors on ON Type Rod Bipolar Cells is Dependent on Subcellular SitesBrain Res,2008,1216:46~52

73Zhang XM,Zhong YM,Yang XL,TASK-2 is Expressed in Proximal Neurons in the Rat RetinaNeuroReport,2009,20:946~950

74Liu CR,Zhong YM,Yang XL,Expression of Cx35/36 in Retinal Horizontal and Bipolar Cells of CarpNeuroscience,2009,64:1161~1169

75Ke JB,Chen W,Yang XL,Wang Z,Characterization of Spontaneous Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents in Cultured Rat Retinal Amacrine CellsNeuroscience,2009,165:395~407

76Zhao WJ,Zhang M,Yang XL,Wang ZF,Melatonin Potentiates Glycine Currents Through a PC-PLC/PKC Signaling Pathway in Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells JPhysiol,2010,588(14)：2605~2619